A checkout is an operation that moves the HEAD ref pointer to a specified commit. To demonstrate this consider the following example. This example demonstrates a sequence of commits on the master branch. The HEAD ref and master branch ref currently point to commit d. Multi language checkout REPER 29 REPER 29 REPER 33 REPER Advanced multi-currency pricing setup REPER Extra cart templates & mobile cart customization, customizable Customer Portals REPER Order Management REPER. Checkout for WooCommerce makes customizing the checkout page easy and the process for customers even easier. I ask my customers only the info I need so they can complete the process faster. A more pleasant experience for them, and more sales for me. Checkout.com helps your business to offer more payment methods and currencies, to more customers. The best-in-class credit card & alternative payments gateway.

1. Checkout And Pay
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3. Checkouts By Cynthia Rylant Answers

Having trouble paying? Choose your payment method below for help:

You can go to checkout on eBay in a number of ways. If you have items in your shopping cart, select Go to checkout. You can choose to pay for some of your items or all of them at once.

If you've already bought an item or won an auction, select Pay Now in your Purchase history, or select Complete purchase in your order confirmation email.

How to pay for an item at checkout

Here’s how to complete your order:

1. Choose your payment method and enter any required information.
2. We’ll show your primary shipping address, but if you want the item sent somewhere else, select Change. You can then either select another address you’ve used before or select Add a new address.
3. Check that the item shown is the right one.
4. Select a shipping option.
5. If you have an eBay coupon or discount offer, enter the redemption code and select Apply.
6. Select Confirm and pay.

Tip
If you have a specific request - for example, special shipping instructions or details for a custom order - for the seller, select Message to seller. We’ll pass the message along after you complete your purchase.

Choosing a payment method

You can usually pay with PayPal, credit cards, or debit cards, but it can vary from seller to seller. Some sellers may also accept Google Pay or Apple Pay. For more information on ways to pay, see our payment methods article.

Changing your shipping address after checkout

If you need to change your shipping address after you complete your purchase, contact the seller immediately to let them know. If they haven’t already shipped the item, you can ask them to cancel the order, and you can buy the item again using the correct shipping address.

You can find out more in our article on changing your shipping details after a purchase.

Because they’re so similar, it’s very easy to mix up which command should be used in any given development scenario. In this article, we’ll compare the most common configurations of git reset, git checkout, and git revert. Hopefully, you’ll walk away with the confidence to navigate your repository using any of these commands.

A checkout is an operation that moves the HEAD ref pointer to a specified commit. To demonstrate this consider the following example.

This example demonstrates a sequence of commits on the master branch. The HEAD ref and master branch ref currently point to commit d. Now let us execute git checkout b

This is an update to the 'Commit History' tree. The git checkout command can be used in a commit, or file level scope. A file level checkout will change the file's contents to those of the specific commit.

A revert is an operation that takes a specified commit and creates a new commit which inverses the specified commit. git revert can only be run at a commit level scope and has no file level functionality.

A reset is an operation that takes a specified commit and resets the 'three trees' to match the state of the repository at that specified commit. A reset can be invoked in three different modes which correspond to the three trees.

Checkout and reset are generally used for making local or private 'undos'. They modify the history of a repository that can cause conflicts when pushing to remote shared repositories. Revert is considered a safe operation for 'public undos' as it creates new history which can be shared remotely and doesn't overwrite history remote team members may be dependent on.

Git Reset vs Revert vs Checkout reference

The table below sums up the most common use cases for all of these commands. Be sure to keep this reference handy, as you’ll undoubtedly need to use at least some of them during your Git career.

Commit Level Operations

The parameters that you pass to git reset and git checkout determine their scope. When you don’t include a file path as a parameter, they operate on whole commits. That’s what we’ll be exploring in this section. Note that git revert has no file-level counterpart.

Reset A Specific Commit

On the commit-level, resetting is a way to move the tip of a branch to a different commit. This can be used to remove commits from the current branch. For example, the following command moves the hotfix branch backwards by two commits.

The two commits that were on the end of hotfix are now dangling, or orphaned commits. This means they will be deleted the next time Git performs a garbage collection. In other words, you’re saying that you want to throw away these commits. This can be visualized as the following:

This usage of git reset is a simple way to undo changes that haven’t been shared with anyone else. It’s your go-to command when you’ve started working on a feature and find yourself thinking, “Oh crap, what am I doing? I should just start over.”

In addition to moving the current branch, you can also get git reset to alter the staged snapshot and/or the working directory by passing it one of the following flags:

• --soft – The staged snapshot and working directory are not altered in any way.
• --mixed – The staged snapshot is updated to match the specified commit, but the working directory is not affected. This is the default option.
• --hard – The staged snapshot and the working directory are both updated to match the specified commit.
  

Checkout old commits

The git checkout command is used to update the state of the repository to a specific point in the projects history. When passed with a branch name, it lets you switch between branches.

Internally, all the above command does is move HEAD to a different branch and update the working directory to match. Since this has the potential to overwrite local changes, Git forces you to commit or stash any changes in the working directory that will be lost during the checkout operation. Unlike git reset, git checkout doesn’t move any branches around.

You can also check out arbitrary commits by passing the commit reference instead of a branch. This does the exact same thing as checking out a branch: it moves the HEAD reference to the specified commit. For example, the following command will check out the grandparent of the current commit:

This is useful for quickly inspecting an old version of your project. However, since there is no branch reference to the current HEAD, this puts you in a detached HEAD state. This can be dangerous if you start adding new commits because there will be no way to get back to them after you switch to another branch. For this reason, you should always create a new branch before adding commits to a detached HEAD.

Undo Public Commits with Revert

Reverting undoes a commit by creating a new commit. This is a safe way to undo changes, as it has no chance of re-writing the commit history. For example, the following command will figure out the changes contained in the 2nd to last commit, create a new commit undoing those changes, and tack the new commit onto the existing project.

This can be visualized as the following:

Contrast this with git reset, which does alter the existing commit history. For this reason, git revert should be used to undo changes on a public branch, and git reset should be reserved for undoing changes on a private branch.

You can also think of git revert as a tool for undoing committed changes, while git reset HEAD is for undoing uncommitted changes.

Like git checkout, git revert has the potential to overwrite files in the working directory, so it will ask you to commit or stash changes that would be lost during the revert operation.

File-level Operations

The git reset and git checkout commands also accept an optional file path as a parameter. This dramatically alters their behavior. Instead of operating on entire snapshots, this forces them to limit their operations to a single file.

Git Reset A Specific File

When invoked with a file path, git reset updates the staged snapshot to match the version from the specified commit. For example, this command will fetch the version of foo.py in the 2nd-to-last commit and stage it for the next commit:

As with the commit-level version of git reset, this is more commonly used with HEAD rather than an arbitrary commit. Running git reset HEAD foo.py will unstage foo.py. The changes it contains will still be present in the working directory.

The --soft, --mixed, and --hard flags do not have any effect on the file-level version of git reset, as the staged snapshot is always updated, and the working directory is never updated.

Git Checkout File

Checking out a file is similar to using git reset with a file path, except it updates the working directory instead of the stage. Unlike the commit-level version of this command, this does not move the HEAD reference, which means that you won’t switch branches.

Checkout And Pay

For example, the following command makes foo.py in the working directory match the one from the 2nd-to-last commit:

Just like the commit-level invocation of git checkout, this can be used to inspect old versions of a project—but the scope is limited to the specified file.

If you stage and commit the checked-out file, this has the effect of “reverting” to the old version of that file. Note that this removes all of the subsequent changes to the file, whereas the git revert command undoes only the changes introduced by the specified commit.

Like git reset, this is commonly used with HEAD as the commit reference. For instance, git checkout HEAD foo.py has the effect of discarding unstaged changes to foo.py. This is similar behavior to git reset HEAD --hard, but it operates only on the specified file.

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Summary

Checkouts By Cynthia Rylant Answers